Methodology

The methodology used in Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) to collect data on violent discipline is based on a set of questions covering a range of discipline methods, from non-violent forms of discipline to severe physical means of punishing children. Questions are addressed to mothers/caretakers and cover discipline methods used by any member of the household during the month preceding the interview. The questionnaire is adapted from the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-PC), which is an epidemiological instrument used to assess the treatment of children.

 

Violent discipline can take two forms: psychological aggression and physical, or corporal, punishment. The former includes shouting, yelling and screaming at the child, and addressing her or him with offensive names. Physical or corporal punishment comprises actions intended to cause the child physical pain or discomfort but not injuries. Minor physical punishment includes shaking the child and slapping or hitting him or her on the hand, arm, leg or bottom. Severe physical punishment includes hitting the child on the face, head or ears, or hitting the child hard or repeatedly.